Tsarin GDP (Generalized DePIN Protocol): Tsarin Tsarin Cibiyoyin Jiki na Rarrabawa

1. Gabatarwa

Tsarin GDP (Generalized DePIN) kamar yadda Dipankar Sarkar ya gabatar, yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki zuwa ga daidaitawa da kiyaye cibiyoyin sadarwar jiki na rarrabawa. Yana magance babban gibi tsakanin tsarin amana na tushen blockchain da rikice-rikicen gaskiya na na'urori da ayyuka na zahiri. Tsarin tsakiyar tsarin shi ne cewa don DePINs su yi girma fiye da aikace-aikacen musamman, suna buƙatar ingantaccen tsari mai sauƙi wanda ke tilasta ainihin shiga ta hanyar tabbacin sirri, ƙarfafa tattalin arziki, da tabbatarwa mai yawa.

2. Ayyukan da ke Akwai & DePINs masu Alaka

Takardar ta sanya GDP a cikin yanayin ayyukan DePIN masu tasowa, tare da amincewa da gudummawar su yayin da take nuna gazawar tsarin.

3. Fahimtar Tsakiya: Dabarun Tsarin GDP

GDP ba wani tsari kawai bane; yana da tsarin tsari da ke ƙoƙarin zama "TCP/IP na DePINs." Mafi girman da'awarsa shi ne cewa amana a cikin hulɗar duniyar zahiri za a iya tsara ta ta hanyar haɗakar sirri, ka'idar wasa, da mulkin al'umma. Ba kamar DePINs na musamman (misali, don raba mota ko ajiya) ba, sauƙin GDP yana nufin cire matakin amana, yana barin cibiyoyin jiki daban-daban su shiga ciki. Wannan yana kwatanta falsafar gine-ginen da ke bayan mahimman tsarin intanet, kamar yadda aka tattauna a cikin albarkatun kamar jerin IETF RFC, waɗanda ke jaddada layi da cirewa don haɓakawa. Ainihin gudummawar takardar ita ce wannan canji daga gina aikace-aikacen DePIN guda ɗaya zuwa samar da asali don gina su cikin aminci da girma.

4. Tsarin Ma'ana: Zanen Tsarin GDP

Ma'anar tsarin tana gudana ta hanyoyi huɗu masu jere, masu ƙarfafawa.

5. Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙima Mai Ma'ana

Ƙarfi: Sauƙin GDP shine siffar sa mai kisa. Bayyana mai da hankali kan ingancin bayanan jiki ta hanyar tabbatar da maƙura mai yawa yana magance "matsalar oracle" ga DePINs kai tsaye. Samfurin tattalin arzikin sa (kuɗi, lada, hukunci) yana da tushe sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen blockchain, kamar hanyoyin a cikin Tabbacin Kuɗi na Ethereum. Haɗa ZKPs don tabbatar da kiyaye sirri zaɓi ne na gaba, wanda ya dace da yanayin a cikin sirrin ilimin sirri, kamar waɗanda aka bincika a cikin aikin farko akan zk-SNARKs na Ben-Sasson da sauransu.

Kurakurai & Tambayoyi Budaddiyar: Ƙafar Achilles na takardar ita ce rashin ainihin bayanan aiki da binciken haɓakawa. Ta yaya tsarin jinkirin maƙura/shaidu yana shafar aikace-aikacen lokaci-lokaci kamar haɗin gwiwar mota mai cin gashin kanta? "Samfuran koyon injina na ci gaba" don gano abubuwan da ba su dace ba akwatin baƙar fata ne—menene ƙimar ƙarya/ƙarya? Tsarin mulkin al'umma yana haifar da haɗarin paralysis na yanke shawara ko ƙarancin shiga, kuskure na gama gari a yawancin DAOs, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin nazarin mulki daga wurare kamar Cibiyar Harvard Berkman Klein. Rikicin tsarin na iya zama shamaki ga amfani don amfani mai sauƙi.

6. Hanyoyin Aiki & Shawarwari na Dabarun

Ga Masu Haɓakawa/Ayyuka: Kada ku gina DePIN ɗinku daga farko. Yi la'akari da GDP a matsayin tushen tushe don bincika. Fara aiwatar da farawarsa da tsarin kuɗi da farko, saboda waɗannan suna ba da mafi girman ribar tsaro. Fara da rufaffiyar cibiyar sadarwa mai izini don ƙarfafa gwada hanyoyin tabbatarwa kafin ƙaddamar da jama'a.

Ga Masu Zuba Jari: Goyon bayan ayyukan da ke amfani da ko ba da gudummawa ga tsarin kamar GDP, ba kawai waɗanda ke da kayan aiki masu kyau ba. Bincika aiwatar da su na matakin tabbatarwa—wannan shine inda yawancin DePINs za su kasa. Ƙimar dogon lokaci tana tattarawa zuwa matakin daidaitawa.

Ga Masu Bincike: Takardar ta buɗe hanyoyi da yawa: tabbatar da tsarin tsarin sirri-tattalin arziki na GDP, ƙididdige aikin yarjejeniyarsa a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan cibiyoyin sadarwar jiki daban-daban, da ƙirƙirar da'irori masu sauƙi na ZKP don na'urorin IoT masu ƙarancin albarkatu.

7. Zurfin Fasaha: Hanyoyi & Tsarin Tsari

Kuɗi da Yankewa: Mai shiga $i$ ya sadaukar da kuɗi $S_i$. Halin mugunta (misali, samar da bayanan maƙura na ƙarya) yana haifar da hukuncin yankewa $\zeta$, inda $0 < \zeta \leq S_i$. Bukatar amfani $U_i$ don halin gaskiya da yaudara dole ne ta gamsar da $U_i(\text{gaskiya}) > U_i(\text{yaudara}) - \zeta * P(\text{ganowa})$, yana haifar da daidaiton Nash don gaskiya.

Maƙura Mai Yawa na Sakewa: Don abin da ya faru na zahiri $E$, an ruwaito shi ta $n$ maƙura. Tsarin yana karɓar yanayi $\hat{E}$ idan bakin kofa $t$ (misali, $t > \frac{2n}{3}$) na karatun maƙura sun yarda cikin haƙuri $\delta$: $|\text{karatu}_k - \hat{E}| < \delta$ don aƙalla $t$ maƙura. Wannan shine yarjejeniyar Rashin Lafiya ta Byzantine (BFT) da aka yi amfani da ita ga bayanan zahiri.

Tsarin Sadaukarwa-Bayyanawa: Don hana gudun bayanai, mai shiga ya sadaukar da bayanai $d$ ta hanyar buga hash $H = hash(d || nonce)$. Daga baya, sun bayyana $d$ da $nonce$. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa an kulle bayanai kafin a san ƙimarsa, wata dabara ta gama gari a cikin aikace-aikacen blockchain kamar zaɓe.

8. Tsarin Bincike: Nazarin Lamari na Ra'ayi

Yanayi: Rarraba Rarraba Mota (DeRide)

1. Shiga Ciki: Motar direba (dongle na OBD-II) da app suna haifar da ZKP suna tabbatar da ingantaccen rajista da inshora ba tare da bayyana cikakkun bayanan sirri ba. An ajiye kuɗi $500.
2. Aiwar Tafiya: An rubuta wurin farawa/ƙarshen tafiyar da lokacin ta hanyar GPS na wayar direba, app na mahayin, da nodes shaidu biyu kusa (sauran wayoyin masu amfani da DeRide) ta amfani da MPC mai tsaro don ƙididdige wurin yarjejeniya ba tare da raba ɗanyen bayanai ba.
3. Tabbatarwa: Samfurin ML yana alamar idan hanyar da aka ruwaito ta karkata daga bayanan taswira. Mahayin zai iya sanya hannu a sirri akan kima. Ana ƙara rikice-rikice zuwa alkali na zaɓaɓɓun masu shiga da aka zaɓa bazuwar.
4. Lada/Hukunci: Kammala gaskiya yana sakin biyan kuɗi da ɗan ƙaramin lada. Rahoton wurin ƙarya yana haifar da yankewar kuɗin direba da lada ga shaidun da suka yi adawa da shi daidai.

Wannan lamarin yana kwatanta yadda abubuwan GDP ke hulɗa don maye gurbin ayyukan amana da sasantawa na dandali mai tsakiya.

9. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyin Bincike

Kusa (shekaru 1-3): Aikace-aikace a cikin grids na makamashi (cinikin wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta takwarorinsu tare da bayanan samarwa masu tabbaci), kayan aikin sarkar wadata (bin diddigin da ba za a iya gurbata ba tare da tabbatar da ɓangarori da yawa), da sadarwa (cibiyoyin sadarwar 5G na rarrabawa).

Dogon lokaci (shekaru 3+): Haɗawa tare da wakilan AI masu aiki a duniyar zahiri, suna buƙatar matakin amana don ayyukansu. Ba da damar cibiyoyin tattalin arziki masu cin gashin kansu na injina (misali, jirage marasa matuka masu isar da kaya, na'urorin aikin gona) waɗanda ke mu'amala da haɗin gwiwa bisa bayanan GDP da aka tabbatar. Haɗuwa tare da fasahar tagwayen dijital, inda GDP ke ba da cikakken bayanan gaskiya daga kadarorin zahiri zuwa takwarorinsu na zahiri.

Kalubalen Bincike na Key: Daidaita tsarin bayanan maƙura don haɗin kai na dandamali. Haɓaka tsarin ZKP mai sauƙi sosai don na'urorin IoT na ƙarfe. Ƙirƙirar samfura na yau da kullun don ƙididdige "makin amana" na cibiyar sadarwar GDP akan lokaci.

10. Nassoshi

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4. IETF (Aikin Injiniyan Intanet). "RFC 1122: Bukatun Masu Masaukin Intanet."
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8. Sarkar, D. (2023). "Tsarin DePIN Gabaɗaya: Tsarin Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Jiki na Rarrabawa." arXiv:2311.00551.
9. Cibiyar Harvard Berkman Klein don Intanet & Al'umma. (2022). "Yanayin Mulkin Ƙungiyar Mulkin Kansu (DAO)." Rahoton Bincike.