Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
650+
Tsarin DePIN da aka ruwaito
3
Mahimman Ma'aunin Rarraba
1999
Farkon Kwamfuta mai Rarraba (SETI@home)
1. Gabatarwa
Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Kayan Aiki na Jiki na Rarrabawa (DePINs) suna wakiltar wani sabon reshe a cikin Web3 wanda ke nufin maye gurbin hanyoyin gargajiya na gina kayan aiki na jiki. Iyakoki tsakanin DePIN da hanyoyin gargajiya na kayan aiki na gama gari, kamar yunƙurin kimiyyar ƙasa ko wasu sassan Web3, sun kasance masu ban sha'awa kuma ba a fayyace su sosai ba. Wannan takarda tana magance wannan gibi ta hanyar gabatar da tsarin bishiyar shawarwari mai tsari don rarraba tsarin a matsayin ingantattun ayyukan DePIN.
2. Bayanan Baya da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci
2.1 Mahallin Tarihi na Rarraba Kayan Aiki
Rarraba kayan aiki ya sami ci gaba sosai tun daga ƙarshen 1990s, tare da tsarin majagaba kamar distributed.net da SETI@home suna nuna yuwuwar albarkatun kwamfuta da aka bayar na sa kai. SETI@home, wanda aka ƙaddamar a 1999, ya ba masu sa kai damar ba da ikon sarrafa kwamfuta mara aiki don nazarin siginonin rediyo don alamun hankali na waje, wanda ya kafa ka'idoji na tushe don rarraba kayan aiki.
2.2 Juyin Halittar Kalmomin DePIN
Kalmar 'DePIN' ta fito ne daga wani zaɓen ra'ayi na yau da kullun na Twitter kuma daga baya kamfanin bincike Messari ya karɓa. Kafin wannan daidaitawar, ana kiran irin wannan tsarin blockchain da kalmomi daban-daban da suka haɗa da MachineFi, Hujjar Aiki Mai Amfani, Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Kayan Aiki na Jiki Masu Ƙarfafawa da Token (TIPIN), da Tattalin Arzikin Abubuwa. Rashin daidaitaccen ma'anar ya haifar da rashin amfani da tallan kayan masarufi da kuma kuskuren rarraba tsarin kamar hakar Bitcoin a matsayin ayyukan DePIN.
3. Hanyar Aiki: Tsarin Bishiyar Shawarwari na DePIN
3.1 Ma'aunin Kasuwa Mai Fuska Uku
Wani muhimmin siffa na ingantattun tsarin DePIN shine kasancewar kasuwa mai fuska uku wanda ya haɗa da masu samar da kayan aiki, masu amfani da sabis, da masu ƙarfafawa na token. Wannan yana haifar da ƙwallon tattalin arziki inda ladan token ke ƙaddamar da turawa kayan aiki na jiki.
3.2 Tsarin Ƙarfafawa na Tushen Token
Tsarin DePIN yana amfani da token na tushen blockchain don ƙarfafa ɓangaren wadatar kayan aiki na jiki. Tsarin ƙarfafawa yana bin dabarar: $R_i = \frac{A_i}{\sum_{j=1}^{n} A_j} \times T$ inda $R_i$ shine ladan ɗan takara $i$, $A_i$ kayan da suka bayar, kuma $T$ shine jimlar tafkin ladan token.
3.3 Bukatar Sanya Kayan Aiki na Jiki
Ingantattun ayyukan DePIN suna buƙatar turawa kayan aiki na jiki a cikin takamaiman wurare don samar da sabis na ainihi. Wannan ya bambanta su da cibiyoyin sadarwar dijital kawai da sabis na girgije na gargajiya.
4. Tsarin Fasaha da Tushen Lissafi
Bishiyar shawarwari tana amfani da hanyar rarraba mai tsari bisa ma'auni uku na binary. Ana iya ƙirƙira yuwuwar rarraba kamar haka: $P(DePIN) = \prod_{i=1}^{3} P(C_i | C_{i-1}, ..., C_1)$ inda $C_1, C_2, C_3$ ke wakiltar ma'aunin rarraba guda uku. Tsarin yana tabbatar da cewa tsarin da suka gamsar da duk ma'auni uku kawai ake rarraba su a matsayin ingantattun ayyukan DePIN.
5. Sakamakon Gwaji da Nazarin Lamura
5.1 Nazarin Cibiyar Sadarwar Helium
Helium yana aiki azaman nazarin lamarin DePIN na al'ada, yana gamsar da duk ma'auni uku: yana aiki da kasuwa mai fuska uku don haɗin kai na IoT, yana amfani da token HNT don ƙarfafa turawa hotspot, kuma yana buƙatar sanya kayan aiki na jiki don ɗaukar hoto na cibiyar sadarwa.
5.2 Sakamakon Rarraba Bitcoin
Hakar Bitcoin ya kasa gwajin rarraba DePIN duk da yawaitar kuskuren siffanta shi. Duk da yake yana amfani da ƙarfafawa na token, ya rasa duka kasuwa mai fuska uku da buƙatar dabarun sanya kayan aiki na jiki - ayyukan haka ba su da alaƙa da wuri fiye da la'akari da farashin wutar lantarki.
Mahimman Bayanai
- Ingantaccen DePIN yana buƙatar gamsar da ma'auni uku daban-daban lokaci guda
- Ƙarfafawar token kaɗai bai isa don rarraba DePIN ba
- Dole ne turawa kayan aiki na jiki ya zama na dabarun yanki
- Kasuwoyi masu fuska uku suna haifar da ƙwallan tattalin arziki mai dorewa
6. Tsarin Nazari: Misalan Aikace-aikace
Za a iya amfani da tsarin bishiyar shawarwari cikin tsari:
- Mataki na 1: Ƙayyade ko tsarin yana aiki da kasuwa mai fuska uku tare da takamaiman ayyuka na mai bada sabis, mai amfani, da mai ƙarfafawa
- Mataki na 2: Tabbatar da amfani da token na blockchain don ƙarfafa ɓangaren wadatar
- Mataki na 3: Tabbatar da buƙatar turawa kayan aiki na jiki a cikin takamaiman wurare
Misalin aikace-aikace: Filecoin yana wucewa Mataki na 1 da Mataki na 2 amma ya kasa Mataki na 3 yayin da yake samar da ajiya ta dijital maimakon sabis na kayan aiki na jiki.
7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hanyoyin Bincike
Aikace-aikacen DePIN masu tasowa sun haɗa da cibiyoyin sadarwar wayar tarho na rarrabawa (5G/WiFi), kayan aiki na caja motocin lantarki, hanyoyin sadarwar makamashi mai sabuntawa, da kayan aikin kwamfuta na sararin samaniya. Bincike na gaba yakamata ya mayar da hankali kan ƙididdige tasirin tattalin arzikin DePIN, daidaitawar ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa, da kuma tsarin ƙa'idodi don kayan aiki na jiki masu ƙarfafawa da token.
8. Nazari Mai Mahimmanci: Ra'ayin Kwararre
Mahimmin Haske
Tsarin rarraba DePIN yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki zuwa ga ƙwararrun ilimi a cikin wani fili da talla ke tafiyar da shi. Ta hanyar kafa bayyanannun iyakoki, marubutan sun ba da horon hankali da ake buƙata ga wani yanki da ke fama da shubuha na ma'anar da sake sanya sunayen fasahohin da suka wanzu na dama.
Kwararar Hankali
Takardar tana gina hujjarta cikin tsari: da farko tana nuna matsalar hargitsi na ma'anar, sannan ta kafa mahallin tarihi, kuma a ƙarshe ta gabatar da bishiyar shawarwari a matsayin mafita. Hanyar aiki ta samo asali dace daga ingantattun ra'ayoyin tattalin arziki kamar kasuwanni masu bangarori da yawa yayin da suke daidaita su zuwa mahallin blockchain. Nazarin lamura yana nuna amfanin aikin yadda ya kamata.
Ƙarfi & Kurakurai
Ƙarfi: Hanyar ma'auni uku tana haifar da bambance-bambance mai ma'ana inda yunƙurin da suka gabata suka kasa. Ware hakar Bitcoin daga rarraba DePIN yana nuna ƙarfin hali na hankali a kan yanayin masana'antu. Ƙirƙirar lissafi yana ƙara amincin ilimi.
Kurakurai: Tsarin na iya ware ƙirar gauraye waɗanda suke haɗa albarkatun jiki da na dijital. Buƙatar kayan aiki na jiki na iya zama mai tsauri ga sabbin tsarin kwamfuta na gefe. Nazarin bai jaddada haɗarin ƙa'idodi ba wanda zai iya yin tasiri ga yiwuwar DePIN.
Bayanai Masu Aiki
Masu saka hannun jari yakamata su yi amfani da wannan tsarin sosai don guje wa fada cikin ayyukan "DePIN-washed". Masu haɓakawa yakamata su ƙirƙira tsarin da suke gamsar da duk ma'auni uku da gaske maimakon dawo da ƙarfafawar token zuwa kayan aiki da suka wanzu. Masu bincike yakamata su gina akan wannan tushe don haɓaka ma'auni na ƙididdiga don tasirin cibiyar sadarwar DePIN da dorewar tattalin arziki, kama da hanyoyin da masu bincike kamar Parker da Van Alstyne suke amfani da su wajen nazarin tattalin arzikin dandamali.
9. Nassoshi
- Anderson, D. P., et al. (2002). SETI@home: an experiment in public-resource computing. Communications of the ACM.
- Foster, I., & Kesselman, C. (1997). Globus: A metacomputing infrastructure toolkit. International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications.
- Helium (2023). Helium Network Documentation. Helium Foundation.
- Messari (2024). The DePIN Sector Report. Messari Research.
- Parker, G. G., & Van Alstyne, M. W. (2005). Two-sided network effects: A theory of information product design. Management Science.
- Zhu, F., & Liu, Q. (2018). Competing with complementors: An empirical look at Amazon. Harvard Business School.