1 Gabatarwa
Blockchains na jama'a sun dogara da hujjar farashin dama don tsaro, inda albarkatun da aka tabbatar an ɓatar da su wajen samar da toshe suke haɓaka tsaron blockchain. Lokacin da blockchains da yawa suka raba hanyoyin yarjejeniya, suna gasa don albarkatu daga masu samar da toshe. Wannan takarda ta tabbatar da wanzuwar ma'auni na rarraba albarkatu tsakanin blockchains masu gasa, wanda farashin kuɗin lada da ake bayarwa don samar da tsaro ke tafiyar da shi.
2 Ma'auni na Rarraba Albarkatu
Ma'aunin yana bayyana yadda ma'adinai ke rarraba albarkatun lissafi tsakanin blockchains masu gasa bisa tsammanin riba.
2.1 Tsarin Lissafi
Ana iya bayyana yanayin ma'auni kamar haka: $\frac{R_1}{D_1} = \frac{R_2}{D_2}$ inda $R_i$ ke wakiltar lada daga sarkar $i$ kuma $D_i$ ke wakiltar wahalar haƙo ma'adinai. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton tsammanin dawowa ga kowace raka'a na albarkatun da aka saka.
2.2 Yanayin Ma'auni
Ma'aunin guda ɗaya ne kuma koyaushe yana samuwa lokacin da ma'adinai suka yi aiki da haɗama amma da taka tsantsan. Wannan ya bambanta da zato na Nash equilibrium wanda yake buƙatar sanin ayyukan amfani masu sarkakiya.
3 Binciken Haɗuwa
Binciken yanayin da rarraba ƙimar hash ke haɗuwa zuwa ma'auni.
3.1 Halin Haɗama da na Taka Tsantsan
Ma'adinan da suke daidaita rarraba albarkatunsu a hankali bisa ƙananan bambance-bambancen riba suna samun kwanciyar hankali zuwa ma'auni.
3.2 Yanayin Jujjuyawa
Ma'adinan da suka wuce gona da iri waɗanda suke sake rarraba albarkatu cikin sauri bisa riba ta nan take suna haifar da jujjuyawar rarraba tsakanin matuƙa.
4 Tabbacin Gwaji
Tabbacin tsarin ka'ida ta hanyar gwaji na zahiri da na kwaikwayo.
4.1 Sakamakon Gwaji na Zahiri
An ga babban bin ka'ida ga ma'auni tsakanin nau'i-nau'i na BTC/BCH da ETH/ETC, tare da ma'auni na haɗin kai sama da 0.85 a cikin bayanan rarraba ƙimar hash na yau da kullun daga 2018-2019.
4.2 Binciken Kwaikwayo
Kwaikwayon blockchain ya nuna madaidaicin yanayin haɗuwa: ma'adinai masu taka tsantsan suna cimma ma'auni a cikin tubalan 50-100, yayin da ma'adinai masu haɗama suka nuna ci gaba da jujjuyawa na ±40% daga mafi kyawun rarraba.
5 Aiwar Fasaha
Cikakkun bayanai na aiwatarwa da hanyoyin algorithm.
5.1 Ƙirar Algorithm
Algorithm ɗin neman ma'auni yana amfani da daidaitawa daidai gwargwado bisa bambance-bambancen lada tare da abubuwan daɗaɗɗawa don hana jujjuyawa.
5.2 Misalan Code
def allocate_resources(current_allocation, rewards, difficulties, damping=0.1):
# Calculate profitability ratios
profit_ratio_1 = rewards[0] / difficulties[0]
profit_ratio_2 = rewards[1] / difficulties[1]
# Calculate adjustment
total_profit = profit_ratio_1 + profit_ratio_2
target_allocation = profit_ratio_1 / total_profit
# Apply damped adjustment
new_allocation = (current_allocation * (1 - damping) +
target_allocation * damping)
return new_allocation6 Aikace-aikace & Jagororin Gaba
Na'urar Gaskatawar Farashi ba tare da Amincewa ba: Rarraba ma'auni yana ba da bayanan farashi maras tsakiya ba tare da masu shiga tsakani amintattu ba. Ƙarfafa Tsaro: Blockchains masu ƙananan farashin kuɗi na iya kiyaye tsaro ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni daidai. Aikace-aikacen Cross-Chain: Ƙaddamarwa ga gaurayawan PoW/PoS da hanyoyin yarjejeniya na algorithm da yawa. Bincike na Gaba: Samfuran ma'auni masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka haɗa kasuwannin kuɗin ma'amala da abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su.
7 Nassoshi
1. Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer. S. Nakamoto, 2008.
2. Spiegelman et al. "Binciken Wasan Ka'idoji na DAA." FC 2018.
3. Kwon et al. "Bitcoin vs. Bitcoin Cash." CCS 2019.
4. CycleGAN: Fassarar Hotuna zuwa Hotuna maras Haɗe. Zhu et al., ICCV 2017.
5. Buterin, V. "Takaddun Shaida na Ethereum." 2014.
8 Bincike na Asali
Wannan binciken ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin blockchain ta hanyar kafa ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun na rarraba albarkatu. Hanyar takardar ta yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ka'idar wasa da ake gani a cikin tsarin wakilai da yawa, kama da ra'ayoyin a cikin aikin CycleGAN na Zhu et al. inda hanyoyin sadarwa masu gasa suka kai ga ma'auni ta hanyar horo na adawa. Tsarin lissafi $\frac{R_1}{D_1} = \frac{R_2}{D_2}$ yana ba da mafita mai kyau ga matsalar gasar albarkatu wanda ke da tasiri mai amfani ga tsaron blockchain.
Tabbacin gwaji na zahiri ta amfani da bayanan blockchain na ainihi (nau'i-nau'i na BTC/BCH da ETH/ETC) yana ƙarfafa tsarin ka'ida, yana nuna ma'auni na haɗin kai sama da 0.85. Wannan matakin daidaiton tsinkaya yana da ban mamaki a cikin tsarin da ba a haɗa shi ba kuma yana nuna cewa halayyar ma'adinai tana bin tsarin tattalin arziki mai ma'ana duk da sarkakiyar tsarin blockchain. Binciken ya bambanta da ra'ayin Kwon et al. na rashin bege game da haɗin kai na ma'adinai, a maimakon haka yana nuna cewa ƙarfin kasuwa yana tafiyar da tsarin zuwa ma'auni ta halitta.
A fasaha, tsarin daɗaɗɗawa a cikin algorithm ɗin rarraba yana kama da hanyoyin ka'idar sarrafawa don hana jujjuyawa, kama da dabarun da ake amfani da su a cikin na'urorin mutum-mutumi da tsarin atomatik. Binciken ya buɗe sabbin dama don aikace-aikacen cross-chain, musamman a fagen da ke tasowa na kuɗi maras tsakiya (DeFi) inda ake buƙatar na'urori masu gaskatawa maras aminci. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin binciken Gidauniyar Ethereum game da sharding, ma'auni na rarraba albarkatu na iya ba da labari game da ƙirar gine-ginen sarkoki da yawa inda dole ne a rarraba albarkatun tsaro yadda ya kamata a cikin sarkoki masu kai.
Ƙayyadaddun takardar sun haɗa da mayar da hankali ga tsarin sarkoki biyu, yana barin tambayoyi a buɗe game da ma'auni na sarkoki n. Aikin gaba zai iya binciko yadda waɗannan ƙa'idodin suka shafi tsarin shaidar hannun jari masu tasowa da hanyoyin yarjejeniya gauraye. Aikace-aikacen ga na'urorin kimanta farashi suna da ban sha'awa musamman idan aka yi la'akari da Matsalar Oracle da aka gano a cikin binciken kwangilar wayo, yana nuna cewa wannan aikin zai iya yin tasiri sosai ga haɗin kai na blockchain da ka'idojin sadarwa na cross-chain.