Targeted Nakamoto: Bitcoin Cibiyar Sadarwar Tsaro da Hayakin Carbon

Table of Contents

• 1 Gabatarwa
  • 1.1 Daidaita Hadurori Masu Gabanwa
  • 1.2 Hanyoyin haɗin lamba da API na yanar gizo
  • 1.3 Littattafai masu alaƙa
  • 1.4 The research question and design constraints
  • 1.5 Roadmap
• 2 Hashrate Externalities
  • 2.1 Abubuwan Dogaro
  • 2.2 Network Security
• 3 Targeted Nakamoto - A Mechanism Design Perspective
  • 3.1 Key Building Blocks of Targeted Nakamoto
  • 3.2 Bayani na Tsarin Ƙirƙira na Ka'idoji
• 4 The Model
  • 4.1 The puzzle difficulty signal of hashrate
  • 4.2 Mining equilibrium
• 5 Manufar Ladan Togaren Manufa
  • 5.1 Rarraban Gyaran Ladan Togaren
  • 5.2 The puzzle difficulty signal and policy switch points
  • 5.3 Policy to control hashrate
• 6 Tasirin Dabarun Manufar Gyara Block
  • 6.1 Kwanciyar Hankali na Ma'aunin Ma'adinai
  • 6.2 Dynamic Adjustment of Hashrate
• 7 Monetary Neutrality
  • 7.1 The Targeted Monetary Policy
• 8 Conclusion
• 9 Original Analysis
• 10 Technical Details
• 11 Code Implementation
• 12 Future Applications
• 13 References

1 Gabatarwa

Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchain cryptocurrencies kamar Bitcoin na buƙatar amfani da ƙarfin kwamfuta ta hanyar masu haƙa ma'adinai don gudanar da hanyar sadarwa. Masu haƙa ma'adinai suna tattara tubalan kuma suna gasa don warware wani wasa da code ya saita. Yawan zato na wasan (hash ɗaya a kowane zato) da kwamfutar haƙa ma'adinai ta yi a cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci shine ƙimar hash ɗinta, wanda ke cinye wutar lantarki.

1.1 Daidaita Hadurori Masu Gabanwa

Bitcoin yana fuskantar manyan haɗari guda biyu na wanzuwa: a halin yanzu, yawan amfani da makamashi na haƙa ma'adinai yana haifar da martani na siyasa; a nan gaba, rage lada na masu haƙa ma'adinai zai sa ƙimar hash ta ragu, yana rage farashin harin. Manufa ta Nakamoto tana daidaita waɗannan abubuwan damuwa ta hanyar jagorantar ƙimar hash zuwa ga abin da aka zaɓa.

1.2 Hanyoyin haɗin lamba da API na yanar gizo

Kristian Praizner ya rubuta code don algorithm iko na hashrate kuma ya aiwatar da shi akan API wanda abokin tarayya ne ga wannan takarda.

1.3 Littattafai masu alaƙa

The paper builds on existing research in blockchain mechanism design and Bitcoin protocol improvements, citing works on PoW optimization and network security models.

1.4 The research question and design constraints

Yadda ake tsara ƙa'ida da ke kiyaye tsaron Bitcoin yayin rage tasirin muhallinta, ba tare da karya tsaka-tsakin kuɗi ba ko haifar da sabbin hanyoyin kai hari.

1.5 Roadmap

The paper proceeds by analyzing hashrate externalities, presenting the Targeted Nakamoto mechanism, modeling its effects, and discussing implementation considerations.

2 Hashrate Externalities

Mining activity creates two key externalities: network security (positive) and carbon emissions (negative). Higher hashrate increases security but also increases energy consumption.

2.1 Abubuwan Dogaro

Hashrate ya dogara da ladan tubalin, farashin wutar lantarki, da ingancin na'urar ma'adinai. Dangantakar ta bi: $H = f(R, C_e, E)$ inda $H$ shine hashrate, $R$ shine ladan tubalin, $C_e$ shine farashin wutar lantarki, kuma $E$ shine ingancin hardware.

2.2 Network Security

Kudin tsaro na network yana raguwa tare da hashrate: $S_c = \frac{k}{H}$ inda $S_c$ shine kudin tsaro kuma $k$ wani mai tsayi ne. Hashrate mafi girma yana sa hare-haren 51% su fi tsada.

3 Targeted Nakamoto - A Mechanism Design Perspective

Targeted Nakamoto shi wani tsari wanda ke ƙarfafa ma'adinai su mai da hankali kan mafi ƙarancin farashi ta hanyar iyakance ladan bulogi idan ya wuce manufa da kuma sanya ƙasan ladan bulogi idan ya ragu.

3.1 Key Building Blocks of Targeted Nakamoto

The protocol uses adjustable block rewards, difficulty-based triggers, and monetary neutrality mechanisms to maintain system integrity while controlling hashrate.

3.2 Bayani na Tsarin Ƙirƙira na Ka'idoji

The design follows incentive-compatible principles where miners are economically motivated to maintain hashrate near the target level without central coordination.

4 The Model

Tsarin lissafi yana ƙayyade alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙimar hashe, ladan toshe, da sigogin cibiyar sadarwa don hasashen yanayin tsarin a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar da aka gabatar.

4.1 The puzzle difficulty signal of hashrate

Network difficulty $D$ yana aiki a matsayin wakili na hashrate: $D \propto H$. Yarjejeniya tana amfani da ma'aunan wahala don kunna gyaran lada lokacin da $D$ ya karkata daga manufa $D_t$.

4.2 Mining equilibrium

Mining equilibrium occurs when $R \times P_s = C_e \times E \times H$ where $P_s$ is probability of solving the puzzle. The protocol adjusts $R$ to maintain $H$ near optimal level.

5 Manufar Ladan Togaren Manufa

Babban ƙirƙira: manufar lada ta toshe mai ƙarfi wacce ke daidaitawa dangane da ƙimar hashrate na yanzu dangane da matakan manufa.

5.1 Rarraban Gyaran Ladan Togaren

Lokacin da ƙimar hashrate ta wuce manufa: $R_{actual} = R_{base} - \Delta R$. Lokacin da ƙimar hashrate ta faɗi ƙasa da manufa: $R_{actual} = R_{base} + \Delta R$.

5.2 The puzzle difficulty signal and policy switch points

Policy triggers activate when $|D - D_t| > \delta$ where $\delta$ is the tolerance threshold. Adjustment magnitude: $\Delta R = \alpha |D - D_t|$ with $\alpha$ as sensitivity parameter.

5.3 Policy to control hashrate

Algorithm ɗin sarrafawa yana amfani da ra'ayi-haɗin kai don rage oscillations da kiyaye hashrate mai kauri a kusa da matakin manufa.

6 Tasirin Dabarun Manufar Gyara Block

The policy creates predictable economic incentives that guide miner behavior toward the socially optimal hashrate level.

6.1 Kwanciyar Hankali na Ma'aunin Ma'adinai

Analysis shows the system converges to stable equilibrium where marginal security benefit equals marginal environmental cost.

6.2 Dynamic Adjustment of Hashrate

Simulations demonstrate hashrate responds to reward adjustments within 2-3 difficulty adjustment periods, showing rapid convergence to target.

7 Monetary Neutrality

Monetary neutrality is maintained by proportional adjustments in spending potential among UTXO holders, offsetting the additions and subtractions to the block reward.

7.1 The Targeted Monetary Policy

Yarjejeniyar tana amfani da daidaitawar saitin UTXO don tabbatar da cewa jimillar wadatar kuɗi baya canzawa duk da bambance-bambancen ladan block: $\sum UTXO_{value} = constant$.

8 Conclusion

Targeted Nakamoto yana wakiltar kyakkyawar hanya don daidaita bukatun tsaron Bitcoin tare da damuwar muhalli, yana samar da tsari don aikin PoW blockchain mai dorewa.

9 Original Analysis

A tantiya ya ce gaskiya kai tsaye.Targeted Nakamoto yana ƙoƙari don warware matsalar dorewar Bitcoin na asali, amma sarƙaƙiyar aiwatarwa na iya wuce fa'idodin ka'idarsa. Wannan wata maganin ilimi ce da ke neman matsalar ainihi a duniya.

Sarkar dabaru.Tsarin binciken yana bin tsarin tattalin arziki mai tsabta: ƙarfin aiki yana haifar da fa'idodin tsaro da farashin muhalli → mafi kyawun ƙarfin aiki yana rage jimillar farashi → gyare-gyaren ƙa'ida zai iya jagorantar masu haƙo ma'adinai zuwa wannan mafi kyawun. Duk da haka, sarkar ta karye a aiwatarwa. Kamar yawancin takaddun tsarin injiniya (kama da kyawawan ra'ayoyin binciken CycleGAN na farko amma marasa amfani), kyawun lissafi baya fassara zuwa gaskiyar blockchain. Zaton cewa masu haƙo ma'adinai za su yarda da sarrafa lada ba tare da wani abu ba ya yi watsi da ƙwararren gasa wanda ke tuka hakar Bitcoin.

Abubuwan da suka fito da kura-kurai:Tsarin tsakiyar kuɗi yana da ƙwararren ƙira - yin amfani da gyare-gyaren UTXO don daidaita canje-canjen lada yana nuna zurfin fahimtar gine-ginen Bitcoin. Wannan ya fi sauƙaƙan shawarwari kamar bama-bamai masu wahala na Ethereum na farko. Duk da haka, shawarar ta sha fama da rikiɗan tsarin tsakiya iri ɗaya wanda Bitcoin aka ƙera don kaucewa. Saita "mafi kyawun" ƙarfin aiki yana buƙatar daidai irin hukunci na zahiri wanda tsarin da ba na tarayya ba ya kawar da shi. Fihirisar Amfani da Wutar Lantarki ta Cambridge Bitcoin tana nuna Bitcoin a halin yanzu tana cinye kusan TWh 100 a shekara - wa zai yanke shawarar menene "daidai" adadin da ya kamata?

Tabbatar da aiki:Ga masu haɓakawa: Yi nazarin tsarin daidaita UTXO don wasu aikace-aikace, amma kaucewa abubuwan tsara tsakiya. Ga masu haƙa ma'adinai: Shirya don ƙarin tsarin lada masu sarƙaƙi da ke fitowa. Ga masu bincike: Mayar da hankali kan mafita marasa tsangwama kamar haɗa makamashin sabuntawa. Ƙungiyar Bitcoin ya kamata ta ɗauki wannan a matsayin gwajin tunani mai ban sha'awa maimakon hanyar haɓaka mai amfani. Kamar yadda tsarin ci gaban Bitcoin Core ya nuna (tunani: Tsarin gudanarwar Shawarwarin Haɓaka Bitcoin), mafita na ilimi masu kyau ba safai suke tsira ba tare da haɗuwa da tsarin haɓaka na ra'ayin mazan jiya na Bitcoin.

10 Technical Details

Yarjejeniya tana amfani da tsarin ka'idar sarrafawa tare da ainihin lissafi: $H_{t+1} = H_t + \beta(R_t - C(H_t))$ inda $\beta$ yake saurin daidaitawa, $R_t$ lada na yanzu, kuma $C(H_t)$ aikin farashin haƙa ma'adinai. Mafi kyawun hashrate $H^*$ yana warwarewa: $\min_H [\alpha \cdot SecurityCost(H) + (1-\alpha) \cdot EnvironmentalCost(H)]$ inda $\alpha$ shine sigar ciniki na tsaro-fitowa.

11 Code Implementation

function calculate_reward_adjustment(current_difficulty, target_difficulty):
    deviation = current_difficulty - target_difficulty
    if abs(deviation) > THRESHOLD:
        adjustment = -SENSITIVITY * deviation
        return adjustment
    return 0

def update_utxo_set(block_reward_change, utxo_set):
    total_adjustment = block_reward_change * BLOCK_INTERVAL
    adjustment_factor = 1 + (total_adjustment / utxo_set.total_value)
    for utxo in utxo_set:
        utxo.value *= adjustment_factor
    return utxo_set

12 Future Applications

Za a iya daidaita tsarin don sauran blockchains na PoW waɗanda ke fuskantar irin wannan ƙalubalen dorewa. Yuwuwar aikace-aikace sun haɗa da: Ethereum Classic, Litecoin, da kuma dandamali na blockchain na masana'antu masu tasowa. Hakanan za a iya amfani da dabarar daidaita UTXO don aiwatar da manufar kuɗi a cikin kuɗin kuɗi na banki na tsakiya.

13 References

1. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
2. Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (2023). Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index
3. Buterin, V. (2014). Ethereum White Paper
4. Aronoff, D. (2025). Targeted Nakamoto: A Bitcoin Protocol to Balance Network Security and Carbon Emissions
5. Zhu et al. (2017). Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (CycleGAN)